Statistics in Data Collection and Analysis - 6470 Words

The Community Tool Box Our Mission Promoting community health and development by connecting people, ideas and resources English | Espaà ±ol Search the CTB Table of Contents | Do the Work | Solve a Problem | Use Promising Approaches | Connect with Others Workstation Sign-In Services Share on printShare on emailShare on facebookShare on favoritesShare on googleShare on twitterMore Sharing Services433 Table of Contents Chapter 37. Some Operations in Evaluating Community Intervent... gt; Section 5. Collecting and Analyzing Data Collecting and Analyzing Data | | Contributed by Phil Rabinowitz and Stephen FawcettEdited by Christina Holt | What do we mean by collecting data? What do we mean by analyzing†¦show more content†¦This could be a program, method, system, or other action. A dependent variableis what may change as a result of the independent variable or intervention. A dependent variable could be a behavior, outcome, or other condition. A smoking cessation program, for example, is an independent variable that may change group members’ smoking behavior, the primary dependent variable. What do we mean by analyzing data? Analyzing information involves examining it in ways that reveal the relationships, patterns, trends, etc. that can be found within it. That may mean subjecting it to statistical operations that can tell you not only what kinds of relationships seem to exist among variables, but also to what level you can trust the answers you’re getting. It may mean comparing your information to that from other groups (a control or comparison group, statewide figures, etc.), to help draw some conclusions from the data. The point, in terms of your evaluation, is to get an accurate assessment in order to better understand your work and its effects on those you’re concerned with, or in order to better understand the overall situation. There are two kinds of data you’re apt to be working with, although not all evaluations will necessarily include both. Quantitative data refer to the information that is collected as, or can be translated into, numbers, which can then be displayed and analyzed mathematically. QualitativeShow MoreRelatedStatistics Is The Study Of The Collection, Analysis, And Organization Of Data1594 Words   |  7 Pages  Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. In applying statistics to, e.g., a scientific, industrial, or societal problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model process to be studied. Populations can be diverse topics such as all persons living in a country or every atom composing a crystal. Statistics deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms ofRead MoreStatistics : Statistics And The Collection, Analysis, Interpretation, A nd Presentation Of Masses Of Numerical Data1480 Words   |  6 PagesSarah Czymbor Professor John Gomes Intro Statistics December 2, 2014 Statistics In Everyday Life Merriam Webster dictionary defines statistics as â€Å"a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data†. With all of this information, it is not surprising that statistics is seen in nearly every persons everyday life. It is seen even in unexpected things- such as insurance rates, weather, political campaigns, large consumer basedRead MoreQuantitative Study of Understanding Nursing Research: A Critical Analysis1002 Words   |  4 PagesCRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A QUANTITATIVE STUDY Critical Analysis of a Quantitative Study Introduction A critical analysis of a research involves a strategy to evaluate the components of a research study and determines the strengths and weakness associated with a research. Objective of this research is to prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study of the article Understanding Nursing Research (Burns Grove 2011) focusing on the problem statement, data collection, data analysis, protectionRead MoreResults and Conclusions Hcs 4651359 Words   |  6 Pages The items of discussion include data collection methods, data analysis procedures, qualitative, quantitative data, and study findings. Results: Data Collection Methods The data collection methods used in this article uses data for the years of 1996-2006 using inputs of live births and induced abortions for teenagers age 15-19 that live in Canada, Sweden, United States, and England. Data method used in Canada is from statistics Canada called CANISM, data method used for Sweden were from multipleRead MoreAnalyzing Models And Observing Factors934 Words   |  4 Pages3.2 Analyzing Models and Observing Factors Model Ingredients Observing Factors IPD LEAN BIM Cost Performance Index (CPI) Schedule Performance Index (SPI) 1 Y Y Y C1 S1 2 Y Y - C2 S2 3 - Y Y C3 S3 4 Y - Y C4 S4 5 - - Y C5 S5 Case Studies Collection. This research reviews several case studies of co-operating Lean, IPD, and BIM in various building types, such as healthcare, education life sciences, gaming, corporate office, hotel/motel, commercial, military, government building, rail massRead MoreProject Estimation Techniques And Methods For The Data Collection Process Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pageswould be based on the process of gathering the relevant data from the required sources and then investigation the issue through it by employing the appropriate data analysis method. Concerning the further research methodology related aspects they are provided below: 1.1 Research Design Lewis (2015) determined that the research methods are used as the tools for the data collection process. There are various methods of collective data with respect to the research design selected. The selectedRead MoreThe Effect Of Pay Level On Job Performance Of Call Center Employees Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesthe outline of the research project, including the different sections and summary descriptions of the information contained in each section. Overall, the research comprises six different sections. These include the introduction, literature review, analysis approach, results, discussion, and conclusion. It is important that these sections are well knit to ensure a logical flow of ideas and clarity in the presentation of the research report. The following section shows the research outline. Topic: TheRead MoreApplication Of Statistical Knowledge For Business1532 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Statistics in Business Introduction In making important decisions for the business, the collection and accurate analysis of data is one of the most imperative processes. The analysis helps in determining the preferences of the consumers, the quality that the consumers want, the level of competition in the market and the financial ability of the business among others. This makes it imperative for the people running the business to have the knowledge and the necessary skills in statistics forRead MoreQuantitative Research : Data Collection1527 Words   |  7 PagesQuantitative research involves the collection and converting of data in numerical form to enable statistical calculations be made and conclusions drawn. It provides a measure of how people think, feel or behave and uses the statistical analysis to determine the results. However, this measurement result in numbers, or data, being collected, which is then analyzed by using quantitative research methods (Byrne, 2007). In quantitative research, data collection involves the gathering of informationRead MoreEvaluation Of A Mixed Methodology1537 Words   |  7 Pagessuburb. The quantitative data was represented by pre- and post-assessment scores from a standard type state assessment. The qualitative data was based on information in the student journals and teacher-researcher evaluations and comments. This action research project utilizing mixed methods appears to have been satisfactorily achieved and provided a good quality of data, analysis, and interpretation of results. C. Methods of Data Collection Methods of data collection for this project consisted

The Monsters Inside Me Essay - 1382 Words

In my Painting 2 class, which I took in the fall of 2012, my instructor Chris Finley suggested to me that I, being an aspiring and acting art teacher, apply my curricula to myself. So I thought back to my most successful lesson, â€Å"Aaagh! Monsters!† In that class, I asked my students, ages 5 through 8 year olds, to create a monster of their own. We did a little research into the monsters other people had created in books, in other appropriate visual media, and throughout history. I then asked them to tell me specific things about their monsters like their names, where they lived, what they ate, and so on, so that they could gain a better understanding of who or what their monsters were and be able to depict them more clearly. The children†¦show more content†¦A monster is generally morally objectionable, physically or psychologically hideous, and/or a freak of nature. It can also be applied figuratively to a person with similar characteristics such as a greedy pers on or a person who does horrible things: â€Å"that person is a monster†. The word monster derives from the Latin word monstrum, which is an unusual occurrence that was taken as a sign that something was wrong within the natural order of the world or it may indicate something evil. However, the root of monstrum is the Latin word monere, which does not only mean to warn, but also to instruct. Therefore, a monster can also be seen as a sign or a lesson to be learned. This nonthreatening interpretation was proposed by Saint Augustine, who did not see the monster as inherently evil, but as part of the natural design of the world, a kind of deliberate, categorical error. A â€Å"monster† can mean many things depending on the circumstances surrounding its existence and/or behavior. Let’s narrow it down though by looking at some examples. Monsters have been shown throughout history and the media in many different forms and contexts. In order to understand how society d efines monsters, let’s categorize them into three basic categories of monsters as they appear to us most often. The first category of monsters is mythical and legendary monsters. A mythical or legendary monster is known through a story, poem, or oral tale. TheyShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelly1192 Words   |  5 Pagestheir hearts and start to rebel. For instance, the monster rebels against Dr. Frankenstein; stating Cursed, cursed creator! Why did I live? Why, in that instant did I not extinguish the spark of existence which you had so wantonly bestowed? I know not; despair had not yet taken possession of me; my feelings were those of rage and revenge† (Shelly 146). The monster starts to rebel against its creator because it has a deep hatred and sorrow inside of him. There is a void within himself, as he doesRead MoreAnalysis Of Inside Out And Frankenstein 1480 Words   |  6 Pages Inside Out and Frankenstein may have multiple similarities, but t he fact that they are so different is unbelievable that they can be alike in so many ways. Inside out was published in 2010 is a dystopian work taking place in the future where Frankenstein was published in 1818 is a horror story taking place in the past. Inside out is about a girl named Trella who is un-happy with her way of life because she lives in an over populated metal box, and is told what to do every minute of theRead MoreEssay on 13/10/666, Where Am I?830 Words   |  4 Pagesnight. I was running away from something but I wasn’t sure what I was running away from. I scampered with exhaustion as the forest closed on me like a pair of jaws. I also had no idea where I was. My eyesight was distorted by the troubling unavoidable mist. I noticed that a small black figure with great yellowish green eyes had passed through my path which caused me to trip over a branch and fall to the ground with a â€Å"THUD!† I started to regain my consciousness as the mist gradually cleared away. OnceRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pages Archetypal Characters inside Frankenstein The novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley involves the complex issues with the creation of life through an inanimate life. Shelley uses these character archetypes to develop a deeper meaning of the characters intentions. Shelley does an excellent job at allowing the reader to have a peak at the characters inner thoughts and feelings. The archetypes presented in Frankenstein allow readers to identify with the characters role and purpose. The foremostRead MoreRecurring Motif # 1 : Passive Women1012 Words   |  5 PagesRecurring Motif #1: Passive Women Quote #1: â€Å"But I do not pretend that my protestations should acquit me; I rest my innocence on a plain and simple explanation of the facts† (Shelley 83). Quote #2: â€Å"She left me, and I continued some time walking up and down the passages of the house and inspecting every corner that might afford a retreat to my adversary†¦when suddenly I heard a shrill and dreadful scream† (Shelley 210). Quote #3: â€Å"[A]nd endeavoured to secure him more entirely in his interests by theRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley884 Words   |  4 Pagesencountered turn him evil? Are ones surroundings determined by who they become later in life? Does nurture form ones characteristics that will determine who someone is later in life? Mary Shelley used these questions as an approach to show that the monster is intelligent, but destructive, and had guilt due to his environment and isolation. The monster’s guilt due to its environment made it dangerous to begin with. Each of the sources will discuss the argument of nature vs. nurture, and how they areRead MoreComparing Smartphones with The Matrix1029 Words   |  5 PagesBradbury is a story of a writer who walks the streets in the middle of the night. However, he lives in a time where people only stay inside watching TV unless working. The grass is even growing through the sidewalk and there is only need for on e police car because crime levels are terribly low. Technology had essentially consumed the entire population; keeping them inside their houses unless they are working. ‘Leonard Mead’, who is the only person outside in the whole city tried calling out to peopleRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1603 Words   |  7 Pagescontaining gothic themes, but with more profound meaning in the message that the novel tries to convey. Shelley’s use of imagery especially of the monster and how people react upon seeing him is an perfect example for how she held a broken mirror to society showing how people react to things that are different and unknown. In the novel the monster is a greater metaphor for people that fall into the category for being offbeat from the social norm. Even today decades since the publication of FrankensteinRead MoreMonsters Created by Uncontrolled Emotions: Examples of the Greek Mythical Characters Thesee, Oenone and Phedre1061 Words   |  4 PagesMonsters are often part of the imagination; they are beasts that physically look hideous. Greek mythology is full of monsters that the hero like Theseus or Hercules has to kill in order to achieve his glorious fate. However, there are other types of monsters, not based on their physical attributes, but because of the acts that they commit. Jean Racine in his play Phedre shows these psychological monsters who, based on appearance, look like any other character in the story, but it is their actionsRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing829 Words   |  4 Pagesthe crunching of the dead leaves. I could only see two feet in front of me because the fog was thicker than blood. There was a sinister feeling within the air. The wind felt brisk against my skin. I ambled down the path. As I was walking, I passed by a desolate house that I didn’t recognize. As I passed by, I felt a chill trickle down my spine. The house was a meager little cottage, but it seemed to hold somet hing more inside. The wood panels were drab, ashen, with several fractures. The lawn was

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Free Essays

COPD which is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is known as a condition that progressively makes it harder to breathe because the airflow into and out of the lungs is reduced. This usually occurs because the airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality, the walls between the air sacs are destroyed, the walls of the airways become swollen, or if the airways are clogged because they made more mucus than usual. Three main conditions of this disease are emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and asthma. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most patients who suffer from COPD also suffer from emphysema and chronic bronchitis as to why they are commonly just defined as COPD. The patients who experience one or more of these conditions usually find it even more difficult to breathe. It is known to be a major cause of disability, and the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. It is said that approximately 12 million people have been diagnosed with COPD while another 12 million may have it and don’t even know it. COPD is mostly caused by cigarette smoke; however, pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke, as well as, second-hand smoke can contribute to this disease. This disease can also be caused by inhalation of air pollution, chemical fumes or dust either in the workplace or from the environment. COPD is usually found in patients of at least 40 years of age; however, it may affect a patient younger if they happen to have the genetic condition, which is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a protein made in the liver. This is an inherited deficiency that puts patients at a high-risk for lung disease. This deficiency occurs when the AAT proteins are not the right shape, which means they get trapped in the liver cells and cannot get into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs in order to protect them. Signs and symptoms of COPD are chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, and also the â€Å"smoker’s cough. † The â€Å"smoker’s cough† is defined as an ongoing cough in which the patient produces large amounts of mucus. Severe COPD can cause symptoms such as weight loss and lower muscle endurance. If a patient is having a hard time catching their breath or talking, their not mentally alert, their heartbeat is very fast, their lips or fingernails turn gray, or blue or their recommended treatment which usually works isn’t work emergency treatment should be sought. If a doctor is attempting to diagnose COPD, he will first determine whether or not the patient is a smoker, then look into the patient’s family and medical history as well as their signs and symptoms. The doctor will also perform an auscultation using a stethoscope to listen for any wheezing or abnormal chest sounds. If the diagnosis process isn’t completed at that point, the doctor may then perform lung function tests. There are many different lung function tests; those are a spirometry, a peak flow meter, a lung volume measurement, a lung diffusion capacity, pulse oximetry, or an arterial blood gas test. A spirometry is a test to measure how much air you breathe in and out and how fast you blow it out. A peak flow meter is a small, hand-held device that shows how well air moves out of your lungs. A lung volume measurement like a spirometry measures how much air you can breathe in and out, however, it also measures the size of your lungs. A lung diffusion capacity determines how well oxygen passes through your lungs to your bloodstream. Last, are a pulse oximetry and an arterial blood gas test, both of these tests are used to see how much oxygen is in your blood. The arterial blood gas test is usually what is used to determine how severe your COPD condition is. After COPD is diagnosed, different treatments may be advised. There is no cure for this condition, but certain treatments may help a patient to feel better, remain more active and also keep their condition from progressing so fast. First, the doctor will tell you if you are a smoker the best thing to do is to quit. And, depending on the severity of your COPD your doctor may advise you to see a pulminologist, who is a doctor who treats patients with lung problems. Then, different medications may be prescribed such as bronchodilators, short-acting or long-acting again depending on the severity of the disease. Both are used to relax the muscles around your airways to help make breathing easier; however, short-acting is said to only last four to six hours, whereas, long-acting is said to last twelve hours or more. Most bronchodilators are used through metered-dose inhalers. Also, inhaled steroids may be prescribed to reduce the airways from swelling. Doctors will usually prescribe the steroid for a trial period of six weeks to three months. Other treatments to help this disease from progressing may be pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and vaccines to prevent the patient from the pneumonia or the flu. Rarely, a patient may be advised to have surgery such as a bullectomy, which is a removal of one or more very large bullae of the lungs, a lung volume reduction surgery, which is used to removed damaged tissue from the lungs, or a lung transplant may also benefit patients who suffer from COPD. Although emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma are all conditions of this disease COPD, each condition affects the lungs slightly different. Emphysema is the condition that affects the lungs almost the same way because just like COPD it involves damage to the air sacs within the lungs; however, chronic bronchitis and asthma are different. Chronic bronchitis is known as a long-term inflammation of the bronchi, which causes increased mucus and other changes. Asthma occurs when the muscles in the bronchial tubes tighten and the airways become blocked by the extra mucus the airways are producing. Emphysema just like COPD is more progressive than chronic bronchitis or asthma. Patients with emphysema usually have shortness of breath and within later stages of the illness develop a chronic cough or sputum, whereas, patients with chronic bronchitis usually have a cough and develop sputum for many years before suffering from shortness of breath. And, for patients with asthma if proper treatments are followed then symptoms can be controlled. Causes of these conditions are also very similar. The most common cause for all of these conditions is smoking. The AAt deficiency can also play a role on patients who suffer from emphysema like COPD. Other causes for emphysema are known to be the HIV infection, as well as, connective tissue disorders. Other causes for chronic bronchitis can be from bacterial or viral infections. And, many different causes for asthma are airborne allergens, like pollen, mold, animal dander, dust mites, etc. , exercise-induced asthma, cold air, and certain medications, like beta-blockers, aspirin and other NSAID’s. It is said that the menstrual cycle in some women, as well as, the gastroesophageal reflux disease, which causes stomach acids to back up into the throat can lead to an asthma attack. And, allergic reactions to foods, like peanuts or shellfish can also cause an asthma attack. Symptoms of emphysema are known as a mild or chronic cough, loss of appetite and weight loss, and muscle fatigue. Symptoms for chronic bronchitis are known as a cough, spitting out of excess mucus, lips and skin may appear blue, abnormal lung signs, swelling of the feet, and heart failure. And, symptoms of asthma are chest tightness or pain, shortness of breath, a whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling, and trouble sleeping because of the shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing. The diagnosis and treatments for both emphysema and chronic bronchitis are very similar as COPD, where pulmonary function tests, x-rays, and/or CAT scans may be performed to diagnose the condition. And different treatments may include bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, steroidal medications, and even possible lung surgery. Different procedures that may be used to diagnose the condition known as asthma are a methacholine bronchial challenge, where the patient inhales an asthma trigger called methacholine to mildly constrict the airways and a positive methacholine test will support the diagnosis. Another test is known as the nitric oxide test, which is used to measure the amount of nitric oxide you have in your breath. If your airways are inflamed, that is a sign of asthma. Medications that may be prescribed to treat asthma symptoms are inhaled corticosteroids, like Flovent Diskus, Pulmicort, Azmacort, Aerobid; Long-acting beta-2 agonists, which are long-acting bronchodilators; Leukotrine modifiers, theophylline. Also, short-acting bronchodilators may also be prescribed such as albuterol, atrovent, and oral and intravenous corticosteroids. How to cite Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Papers

Leadership Theory Human Life

Question: Discuss about theLeadership Theoryfor Human Life. Answer: Introduction: Leadership theory is closely associated with psychological theory. Leadership and followership both are related with security and prosperity of the human life. According to the nature all the living being prefer to follow the path of certitude from the uncertainty of the every days life. Evolutionary theory of the leadership is closely connected with that behavioural trait of human personality. This theory first introduced by contemporary psychologist Mark van Vugt. He attempted to investigate the reason behind the behaviour of leadership and followership. In his written article Leadership, Followership, and Evolution Some Lessons from the Past Vugt describe the whole issue with two other fellow writer Robert Hogan Robert B. Kaiser he describe the approach has been adopted in the article is not the part of mainstream leadership theory. Uniqueness of the approach is indicator of innovative stand of the writer but the whole issue will remain equivocal if the reader can not relate the a pproach with the previous scholarly works on this subject domain (Van Vugt, Hogan and Kaiser,2008). Approach of Evolutionary Leadership: In his essay authors indicated towards the origin of leadership in the human society and social behaviour, in order to trace so they travelled the distance past of human species. From their perspective it can be said that leadership is an object driven behaviour of a conspicuous person from a certain group. Behind the objectiveness of a leader another character trait always larks that is farsightedness. Leader must foresee something which doesnt come within the range of others vision. Leader can behold the solution for others which other people cant. This trait of behaviour is echoing great man theory. This theory became popular in 19th century revered personage such as Thomas Carlyle also got influenced by it. According to this theory leader is a god gifted man who is committed to lead his follower (Avolio and Yammarino,. 2013). Despite acknowledging the character trait describe in this theory Thomas Carlyle also said that the theory doesnt indicate that the leader should be born gr eat. Some time the concept of Masaya may comes to the mind in this regard but leader is to a full fledged Masaya rather a mentor or a guide in reality. In the essay writers described that the leadership and followership is an adoptive behaviour. The question may get appear in this regard that is what may be the reason of this adaptation? Answer is also plausible that is demand of the situation. The authenticity of this observation can traceable in history. Before the commencement of the Second World War the suggestion and observation Sir Winston Churchill was highly disrespected and ignored by the Mr. Stanley Baldwin, British Prime minister of that period of time. Mr Churchill uttered an intimidation regarding the evil intention of Nazi Germany. In the time of war Neville Chamberlin had to resign and the responsibility of the nation got handed over to Mr. Winston Churchill. In the essay on the issue of evolutionary leadership the writers attempted to depict the cardinal source of th is adoptive behaviour is social coordination problem. In situational leadership theory the leader need to retune himself according to the level of his follower. This approach is also indicating towards a coordination problem and the whole approach of leadership is depending upon that (Waldman, et al 2006). Ambivalent Relationship: In this essay the writers pointed towards the malfeasance of leadership. The leader is the dominating personality within the group and he is authorising to excessive his power over his subordinates. That can be used for exploitation as well as suppression. That is the reason the relationship between the leader and the subordinate is always uncertain in nature. In the case of transformational leadership it can be witnessed leader is using his power and force to change the behaviour of a group domination and suppression both term can get added to defined his behaviour from a certain point of view but that cannot mitigate the effectiveness of that leader ( Zohar and Tenne-Gazit, 2008). Organizational Structure and Leadership: In this essay writers indicated the attention of the readers towards the close relationship between organization structure and leadership. Some time some structures may generate a formidable conundrum between leader and its subordinate. Here the writers are critical regarding the contemporary organizational structure. The reason is clear in this regard that is organizational psychology is a major influence over leader and its subordinates. The structure of the organization configures the psychology of those people working there. Supportive organizational structure indicates the structure that helps both way communication and offer additional support for the implementation of the decision taken by the leader. Communication is a cardinal issue here. Without having a proper communication with the leader the subordinate will not get any proper idea or direction of their movement. Communication only can configure and evaluate the optimum psychological mechanism of leadership and followers hip (Waldman, et al.,2006). Application of CALP Cognitive ancestral leader prototype or CALP indicates certain specific trait that gets observed to identify right person as leader in a specific situation. These attributes defined as prototype by the writers. According to the description provide by them a masculine, dominating, youthful person is needed as leader at the time of crisis. On the contrary more feminine personality with social skill is needed at the time of peace. In history we can witnessed a plausible manifestation of this reality. World has recognised Winston Churchill as a hero of Second World War. He leaded his country towards victory over axis power. But in the peace time British people couldnt trust his as a peace time leader rather they opted for Clement Atlee who was much more submissive personality in front of Churchill. The prototype is the preoccupied idea in people mind but it is not the unchangeable one in history we have seen Winston Churchill, Ronal Regan, Franklin Roosevelt, has been leaded the nation s uccessfully and gained huge popularity. Conclusion: The essay is a new approach to the leadership theory. The writers indicated a new direction in this regard. They took support of evolutionary psychology and human anthropology too. But some section of their finding sound over simplified comprehension of the actual reality. When a writer prefer to substantiate his claim he become bias but the inconsistency get immerged when the reality articulates some contradiction (Churchill, 2010) Reference: Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R. and Kaiser, R.B., 2008. Leadership, followership, and evolution: some lessons from the past. American Psychologist, 63(3), p.182. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Kaiser, R.B., Hogan, R. and Craig, S.B., 2008. Leadership and the fate of organizations. American Psychologist, 63(2), p.96. Liao, H. and Chuang, A., 2007. Transforming service employees and climate: a multilevel, multisource examination of transformational leadership in building long-term service relationships. Journal of applied psychology, 92(4), p.1006. Zohar, D. and Tenne-Gazit, O., 2008. Transformational leadership and group interaction as climate antecedents: a social network analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), p.744. Waldman, D.A., de Luque, M.S., Washburn, N., House, R.J., Adetoun, B., Barrasa, A., Bobina, M., Bodur, M., Chen, Y.J., Debbarma, S. and Dorfman, P., 2006. Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management: A GLOBE study of 15 countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), pp.823-837. Churchill, W.S., 2010. The Gathering Storm: The Second World War (Vol. 1). RosettaBooks.

The final product Essay Example

The final product Paper Abstract: In this experiment three Werner complexes, hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride, pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride and hexaamminenickel(II) chloride were synthesized so their structural formula could be examined through magnetic susceptibility, electronic conductance measurements and the analysis of free chloride in the two cobalt complexes through titrations of silver nitrate. Cobalt (III) coordination compounds usually only form in low spin, octahedral complexes where the all t2g are paired leaving all the eg unpaired; whereas nickel(II) complexes are usually formed in the high spin state1. Through these analytical methods, it was found that: hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride has three free chloride ions to form the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, in the low-spin state. Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride and hexaamminenickel(II) chloride both have two free chlorine ions to form the complexes [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 and [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 respectively. As expected, pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride has a low spin electron arrangement, and hexaamminenickel(II) chloride is in a high spin state. Introduction: Alfred Werner was the first to discover the structure for coordination compound in 1893, thus they were given the name Werner Complexes. For this research he was given the Nobel Prize in 1913. Werner complexes are complex ions that contain a transition metal in the center, which is surrounded by anionic or neutral ligands. 2 The metal in this case acts as a Lewis acid (electron pair accepting) and the anionic ligands act as a Lewis base (electron pair donating). Using pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride, Co(NH3)3Cl3, as an example, there are four possible structures depending on how the ligands are arranged. We will write a custom essay sample on The final product specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The final product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The final product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer [Co(NH3)3Cl3] + 3NH3 In this case, all the chlorine anions are bound directly to the cobalt metal, and three neutral amine molecules are present somewhere else in the crystal lattice [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ + Cl- + 2NH3 Here, two chlorines are directly bound to the cobalt metal with two neutral non boding amine molecules. There is also one free chlorine anion to balance the charge of the cobalt complex. [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ + 2Cl- + NH3 The third possible arrangement is where there is one chlorine attached to the central cobalt with a single amine molecule elsewhere in the lattice. Again, there are two free chloride ions to balance the charge [Co(NH3)5]3+ + 3Cl- Finally, the cobalt complex can be arranged with just the amine ligands directly bound to it in a square pyramidal geometry instead of a more stable octahedral geometry seen in the other three complexes. This leaves the three chlorine anions non-bonded, and counterbalancing the 3+ charge from the complex. To find the actual arrangement and geometry of the three complexes, conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility and free chloride ions through titrations can be measured and analyzed. Electronic conductance measurements helps determine the amount of chloride ions not attached to the metal. This is possible because when dissolving a salt in water, the molecule separates into cations and anions, each which can conduct electricity. The conductance measured can be compared to a literature reference of how many total ions correspond to the value. With this, logically dividing the charges between the cations and anions present will help determine the overall structure of the molecule. The second technique for determining the amount of ions present in a Werner complex is magnetic susceptibility. With finding the magnetic susceptibility using a magnetic susceptibility of a compound, one can calculate whether the compound is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. If the mass magnetic susceptibility, ? g, is negative, then the compound is diamagnetic; however, if ? g is positive, then the compound is paramagnetic. The apparatus used for this experiment is a Evans/Johnson Mathey Magnetic Susceptibility Balance. The last technique used was titrating a sample with silver nitrate. Since the three samples contain chloride ions, titrating it with silver nitrate would precipitate silver chloride, which is very insoluble. Based on the volume of silver nitrate used to reach the end point, one can calculate the amount of silver chloride precipitated. The amount of silver chloride precipitated is also the amount of free chloride ions in the mixture. Comparing the ratio of moles of silver nitrate used to the moles of analyte in the mixture will show the amount of non-bonding chlorine present. Procedure and observations: Synthesis of hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride: The synthesis was started by adding cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate(4. 690g) and ammonium chloride (2.946g) to water(5mL) which formed a purple solution from the original red/pink powder. This solution was heated up and turned dark blue once it was all dissolved. Activating charcoal was then added as a catalyst the solution was then black with a slight blue tint. Afterwards, concentrated ammonia (9. 8mL) was added to the mixture. This created a very dark red solution, but upon setting, the color eventually faded to yellow with a bit of red in it. With this, the solution was then cooled in a tab water bath and hydrogen peroxide (10. 0mL, 6%) was added and heated to 65 degrees Celsius for 17 minutes. To crystallize, the solution was then places in another tap water bath, proceeded by an ice water bath. The brown crystals were then filtered by vacuum filtration and transferred to another beaker containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (2. 1mL) and water (41. 0mL). After all the crystals were dissolved, they were filtered by gravity filtration and washed with water (1. 7mL). The red/gold filtrate was collected, and another portion of concentrated hydrochloric acid(5. 2mL) was added. The filtrate was then cooled on ice to crystallize once more. Upon cooling, the solution turned bright orange. The sides of the erlenmeyer flask had to be scratched vigorously to help induce the production of crystals. Finally, the crystals were filtered once more by vacuum filtration, and dried between two pieces of large filter paper. The final product were bright orange crystals(0. 123g) at a 2. 36% yield. Synthesis of pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride: To start the synthesis, solid ammonium chloride (7. 560g) was added to a beaker containing ammonia (44. 6mL, 14M). While stirring, finely powdered cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (7. 465g) was slowly added.

The forgotten soldier essays

The forgotten soldier essays The hardships that Guy Sajer and his comrades must face start from the very beginning. It begins with Guy simply trying to find shelter from the rain as they wait for a train. At the time he had no idea these were going to be some of the most pleasant conditions he would come across during his journey. Once we he was on the train he had no choice but to travel in an open boxcar and the rain turned into snow with a biting wind. When he finally reached Minsk conditions got much worse. He makes an account of one night when the mercury dropped to five degrees below zero, my hands and feet felt the cold so sharply that it sometimes seemed as if the pain were stabbing me in the heart, (24). However he did not realize that in Minsk it could actually get much worse, On that day the temperature fell to thirty-five degrees below zero, and I thought I would sure die. Nothing could warm us. We urinated into our numbed hands to warm them, and, hopefully to cauterize the gaping cracks in o ur fingers. Each movement of my fingers opened and closed deep crevices that oozed with blood. He said the pain was so great it made him sick to his stomach and he broke down into tears (37). When he did finally get to sleep it was always cold and on the floor, he would awake numb and stiff. He once had to hold a mans leg while it was being amputated and when it was finished he was holding the unattached leg in his hand. The soldiers were constantly underfed and were given rotten meat that sue to the cold was frozen by the time they went to eat it anyway. At one point during his time in Minsk Sajers toes, turned an ashen gray and he had to receive a painful injection to avoid amputation (62). At one point Sajer comments on one of the grisly aspects of battle, we felt as if we could smell the presence of death-and by this I dont mean the process of decomposition, but the smell that emanates from d...

The impact of Information Technology on a career or profession of your Term Paper - 1

The impact of Information Technology on a career or profession of your choice - Term Paper Example Businesses have become equipped with information management systems that manage the company’s intellectual assets and provide basis for predictive analysis of future sales and consumer behaviors. Medical treatments have become safer, more reliable and quicker due to the integration of technological equipments and procedures. Technology has intervened in the life of modern man to such a great extent that it is almost impossible to imagine life without its presence. Modern technology has also broken the geographical barriers by creating innovative modes of communication. 2. Field of Education The field of education has undergone numerous changes after the introduction of technology. The conventional modes of acquiring education in a classroom setting have transformed into much broader concepts. One of major pitfalls of the conventional concept was the assumption that all students are able to acquire education in the same manner and at the same pace. The instructor used to evalua te the level of comprehension of the students on the basis of feedback from a selected number of prominent students. The slow learners suffered in this process since they were compelled to follow the pace of the fast learners in the classroom sessions. Technological intervention has addressed this drawback and has provided innovative ways to acquire education. ... Multimedia is commonly adapted across schools, colleges and universities for a diverse range of purposes. Reeves defined multimedia as the accumulation of different types of mediums, like sound, text, animation etc, on a single platform that has a greater effect on the users than the platform with only one type of medium (22). Multimedia is used to present lectures in a classroom setting to make the sessions more interactive and interesting. Graphs and diagrams can be displayed on the screens and can be explained in a more detailed manner. Interactive whiteboard is another form of multimedia that is being adapted by educational institutes around the world. It comprises of a computer that is connected with a projector and a touch screen. Painter explained that the projector displays the desired content (from the computer) on the whiteboard that can be controlled with an electronic pen (3). Figure 1: Interactive Whiteboard being used in a primary school (Painter) Impact The use of mult imedia has benefitted the field of education to a great extent. The monotonous lectures have been converted into interactive and interesting sessions due to the integration of multimedia in the programs. Teachers are able to present different types of video clips, animations, graphs, architectures etc. This makes it easier for the students to comprehend different concepts since visual aid is coupled with the knowledge of the instructor. Reeves stated that multimedia tends to kindle more than one sense at one instance therefore it proves to be a better medium to attain attention of the audience (22). Teoh and Neo stated that interactivity of multimedia sessions promotes the interaction between the learner and the instructor (29); this provides an opportunity to the learner to address

Jesus true prayer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jesus true prayer - Assignment Example Aside from praying the â€Å"Our Father†, one also follows Jesus’ advice in Matthew 6.6 which states that â€Å"pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly† (Matthew 6, n.d., p. 1). One prays using what one intends to relay to the Father through own words and in a parallel way that a child seeks to communicate to one’s own biological father. One could improve one’s prayer life through observing and practicing Jesus’ advice and recommendation for the true prayer by first acknowledging adoration to God, the Father and the provider and Omnipotent God, who governs one’s path and life. One should recognize that prayer assists in overcoming daily challenges and exemplifies communicating to God in terms of appreciating receiving blessings and graces and acknowledging that we need protection from harm. Also, the message of forgiveness must be ingrained in our daily life as the ethics of reciprocity must be of primary importance as a secret to a happy and peaceful

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Essay

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA - Essay Example The principles and procedures of genetics were first advanced by Gregory Mendel, who performed a series of experiments that pointed the existence of genes. Mendel performed experiments through selective cross breeding of pea plants over generations. He discovered that some traits show in offspring without any blending with parents. For example, an offspring of a cross-pollinated purple flowered and white coloured pea plant did not rise to intermediate colours. The offspring in the first generation were in a ratio of 3:1 and the second-generation self-cross gave rise to a 1:1 ratio. Mendel therefore concluded that inheritance of traits is determined by units that are passed to offspring unchanged. Secondly, that an individual will inherit one unit from each parent for each trait and that the trait does not show up in the first generation, but will eventually in the subsequent generations. According to Mendel, the dominant allele masked the presence of the recessive allele in the F1 generation. His work gave rise to two genetic principles. Firstly, the law of segregation that states that for any trait alleles separate, only one passes fr om the parent to the offspring. Secondly, the principle of independent assortment which states that alleles are passed from the parent to the offspring independent of each other (Bortz, 2014). Following the discovery of Mendelian principles, T.H. Morgan performed experiments on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster because of their different body features that can help distinguish males and females. He observed the colour of their eyes, shape of wings and body shape. The choice of characteristics was distinctive for crossing because of the pronounced phenotypes. Before Mendel’s discoveries, evolutionary scientists like Charles Darwin believed that traits in an organism are selected through natural selection where the fittest organisms survived phasing out the least adaptable species.

Strategies to Produce Thermonuclear Plasmas

Strategies to Produce Thermonuclear Plasmas Elrica Degirmen What is the Joint European Torus and how does it work? The Joint European Torus, or JET, is a physics facility located in the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire. Plasma physicists and engineers there are producing thermonuclear plasmas under magnetic confinement in order to show that fusion energy is a reliable source of energy in the future. It is very difficult to do on earth as in order for nuclear fusion to happen temperatures millions of degrees above the core of the Sun must be achieved as it is impossible to gravitationally confine the plasma (CEA, 2001) which is the way it happens in stars. A plasma is defined as a quasi-neutral ionised gas, and because it is charged, it can be manipulated by electric and magnetic fields (Suplee, 2009). The History of the Joint European Torus JET’s history started in 1970 when the Council of the European Community decided to embark on a fusion research programme and build a European fusion device. After three years in 1973, the designs of JET were being drawn up and in 1977 the Culham site was chosen to build JET and construction work began. It then started operation in 1983 (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 2012). The 9th of November 1991 is a particularly important date in the history of nuclear fusion as this was when the Preliminary Tritium Experiment â€Å"achieved the world’s first controlled release of fusion power† (ITER Organization, 2014). What is nuclear fusion? Nuclear fusion is what powers the sun and it involves two nuclei fusing together under extreme temperatures and pressures. When this reaction occurs, energy is released from Einstein’s energy-mass equivalence equation This is because the sum of the masses of the individual nucleons before fusing is greater than the sum of the masses of the nuclei when they have fused. This leads to a mass defect and due to the conservation of energy; a loss in mass is compensated through the release of energy. With regards to nuclear fusion, a lot of energy is released, especially when compared with nuclear fission. We can compare the energy outputs of both nuclear processes through the concept of binding energy. Binding energy is the amount of energy needed to either remove each nucleon from each other within the nucleus or the energy needed to fuse the same number of nucleons to form the nucleus of an atom. Looking at the binding energy per nucleon for the elements, we can see which are the most stable elements (they have the highest binding energy per nucleon) and see which processes (fission or fusion) releases the most energy. It should be noted that the mechanism for nuclear fusion in stars is different compared to achieving nuclear fusion on earth. In stars, the hydrogen atoms are fused together due to the extreme pressures as there is such a large quantity of stellar material. An example of one of the main nuclear cycles that take place in stars is the Proton-Proton Chain which happens in stars with the same mass as our Sun or less (The University of Tennessee). The main reaction is the first step where it converts hydrogen and deuterium into helium and emits a gamma ray as follows: (Case Western Reserve University) These pressures, as well as the high temperatures, and the effects of gravitational confinement means that the hydrogen atoms, which would normally repel one another due to their positive charges at the centres of their nuclei, are able to overcome the Coulomb barrier, and therefore the strong force is able to attract these nuclei together releasing vast amounts of energy and producing helium in the first place. The Coulomb barrier is the energy that is needed for the electrical repulsion to be overcome in order for the strong nuclear force to take place in order for the nuclei to fuse together (HyperPhysics). Here on earth, it is impossible to gravitationally confine large amounts of plasma, therefore physicists have developed two main methods for achieving nuclear fusion (for the purposes of civilian energy): inertial confinement and magnetic confinement (CEA, 2001). Another facility, the National Ignition Facility in Livermore, California uses inertial confinement and this involves the use of lasers. However, JET is concerned with magnetic confinement and, as the name suggests, it involves magnets with a reactor shaped as a torus or as a hollow doughnut. The Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov first came up with the idea of a tokamak as it was considered the most optimal shape to successfully confine a plasma using magnetic fields. In terms of magnetic confinement, for nuclear fusion to occur (this is called ignition); three main properties of the plasma must fulfil certain conditions. This is named the Lawson criterion after it was first proposed by John D. Lawson in 1955. The Lawson criterion states that the â€Å"triple product† of plasma density, confinement time, and the plasma temperature must fulfil this equation for a deuterium-tritium reaction: (Irvine, 2011) Where is the plasma density, is the plasma temperature and is the confinement time. Although a lot of energy is needed to overcome the Coulomb barrier and initiate the fusion process, the large energy yield is the reason why research at JET and at other institutes is still ongoing (HyperPhysics). The most common fusion reaction to be studied nowadays and the one that physicists at JET are looking into particularly is the deuterium-tritium, or D-T, reaction. Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. It is as follows: (HyperPhysics) Plasma heating Within the tokamak, the plasma current is induced by a transformer. The central iron transformer core acts as the primary winding, and this is situated in the hole of the tokamak reactor, and the plasma acts as the secondary winding. The plasma can act as a secondary winding because it is electrically-charged and therefore acts as a conductor. The alternating current that is supplied to the central magnetic coil induces a changing magnetic field and this is used to control the plasma. This produces a heating effect called Ohmic heating. Thus induced current causes heating which also happens in conventional transformers as well. Neutral-beam injection involves the introducing high-energy atoms into the magnetically-confined plasma when it is already ohmically heated. These atoms are ionised as they pass through the plasma and therefore are also controlled by the magnetic field present. They then become high-energy ions and as a result, they transfer some of their energy to the plasma particles in repeated collisions. This increase in the number of collisions increases the average translational kinetic energy associated with these ions and thus increases the temperature of the plasma overall. Furthermore, radio frequency heating is also used to heat the plasma. This is generated through induction high-frequency oscillating currents in the plasma by external coils. There are parts of the plasma where the energy absorption is high and the frequencies are chosen to match the frequencies of these regions. This is called resonance and it allows large amounts of power to be transferred to the plasma. All of these ways of heating the plasma are important as not one single method can produce the necessary temperatures of 100 million degrees Celsius (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 2012), which is required in magnetic confinement (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 2012). Confining the plasma The main purpose of the tokamak in JET is to magnetically confine the plasma with the help of the device called a â€Å"tokamak† which is a Russian acronym for a torus-shaped magnetic chamber (European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy), 2013). In order to successfully confine the plasma, the magnetic field lines must move around the torus in a helical shape generated by toroidal and poloidal fields. The diagram above is useful in explaining two key concepts in plasma physics: the toroidal field and the poloidal field. The toroidal field is represented by the blue line and it is the magnetic field that travels around the torus in circles. The poloidal field is represented by the red arrow and it travels in circles perpendicular to the toroidal field. Both of these fields differ in the way they are produced as well in their direction of travel. The toroidal field is produced by electromagnets which surround the torus, and the poloidal field is generated as a result of the toroidal electric current that follows inside the plasma with the help of a second set of electromagnets (Wikipedia, 2014). Energy production At the moment, JET can only produce around 70% of the power needed to heat the plasma in the first place (Mlynà ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â€ž ¢, 2007). However, a new tokamak called ITER is being built in Cadarache and developed in order to develop the technologies and obtain the knowledge necessary to built fusion power stations capable of producing more energy out than in (European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy), 2013). Energy production from fusion is a promising idea as a fusion reaction, in comparison to the combustion of fossil fuels, is four times more energetic, thus more energy can be produced from very small quantities of deuterium and tritium (ITER Organization, 2014). In practical terms, in order to produce 1000MW of electricity, 2.4 million tonnes of coal would be needed each year for a coal-fired power station, however only 125kg each of deuterium and tritium per year would be needed to produce the same amount of energy (ITER Organization, 2014). The future From the research conducted at JET, it was apparent to physicists that a bigger tokamak must be built in order to break-even and hopefully obtain a greater energy output than input. To reiterate, this tokamak is known as ITER and is currently built in the south of France. Even then, ITER is not being built specifically for energy production and it is only until DEMO will be built that it can be demonstrated to the world that it is possible to harness the power of nuclear fusion on energy. DEMO is expected to be running sometime during the 2030s and an actual fusion power plant to be running by 2050 (EFDA, 2014). However, due to inevitable geopolitical issues and financial constraints, there is every possibility that these dates may be pushed forward into the future. Even so it was in 1905 when Einstein first formulated the mass-energy equivalence relation, it was in 1920 when Eddington first discovered how stars produced energy, it was in 1927 when Langmuir gave â€Å"plasma† its name and thus plasma physics was born (Mlynà ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â€ž ¢, 2007); and there have been many other milestones within plasma physics since then that even if the dates fusion civilian energy is pushed forward by a couple of decades or more it will not mean anything in the long term as man will finally be able to â€Å"learn how to release it and use it for his service† as Eddington said. Irrespective of when the production of fusion energy will occur, JET will have been a cornerstone in the history of fusion energy and plasma physics as experiments at JET have made us closer and closer to ignition. The next step is to build the next series of tokamaks and finally the fusion power plant. Works Cited Case Western Reserve University. (n.d.). The Proton-Proton Chain. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http://burro.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/StarPhys/ppchain.html CEA. (2001). Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes02.htm EFDA. (2014). Fusion. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http://www.efda.org/fusion/ European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy). (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from http://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/faq/#a7 European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy). (2013). What is Fusion? Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/understandingfusion/ HyperPhysics. (n.d.). Coulomb Barrier for Fusion. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/coubar.html HyperPhysics. (n.d.). Nuclear Fusion. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fusion.html Irvine, M. (2011). Nuclear Power: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. ITER Organization. (2014). Fueling the Fusion Reaction. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from http://www.iter.org/sci/fusionfuels ITER Organization. (2014). Progress in Fusion. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http://www.iter.org/sci/beyonditer Mlynà ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â€ž ¢, J. (2007). Focus On: JET. Prague: Association EURATOM-IPP.CR. Suplee, C. (2009). The Plasma Universe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The University of Tennessee. (n.d.). The Proton-Proton Chain. Retrieved January 18, 2014, from http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/energy/ppchain.html United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. (2012). JET. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/JET.aspx United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. (2012). The Tokamak. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/Tokamak.aspx Wikipedia. (2014). Tokamak. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

The Selfishness of Oedipus in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

"Selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race,† as quoted by William E. Gladstone, supports my thought that selfishness is what causes most of our problems in the modern world. Currently, we are living in an era that is filled with much gluttony and selfishness. However, selfishness is a trait that all of us possess, but the amount of selfishness that we have can determine the type of person we are. For instance, parents should always put their children’s needs before their own. Selfish parents would rather buy materialistic items for themselves than anything useful for their children. In Sophocles’s â€Å"Oedipus Rex,† the protagonist is literally blinded by his own arrogance. This attitude begins before he even travels to Thebes, and that is apparent due to the circumstances of his father’s death. Oedipus seals his own fate with his egotistical attitude and he cannot change his destiny after everything is set into motion. During his jo urney on the road to enlightenment, Oedipus’s selfishness causes him to transcend from being completely ignorant of his fate to holding on to the last shreds of denial to having an overwhelming sense of realization. The selfishness that Oedipus possesses causes him to have abundance of ignorance. This combination is what leads to his father’s death. After fleeing Corinth and his foster family, Oedipus gets into a skirmish with an older man. The reason for the fight was because, â€Å"The groom leading the horses forced me off the road at his lord’s command† (1336). Oedipus is filled with a rage after being insulted by the lord and feels the need to act. The two men fight, but Oedipus ends up being too much for the older man, and he kills him. What Oedipus is unaware of is that the man was actually his birth father and by killing him, Oedipus has started on the path of his own destruction. Not only does Oedipus kill his father, but also everyone else, â€Å"I killed them all† (1336). The other men had no part in the scuffle, but in his rage, he did not care who he was killing. As Oedipus becomes king, his selfishness only grows, as does his denial. As the king, he gained the burden of Thebes whenever a problem arose. To find a way to rid his city of the plague, he sent Kreon so that he would have some answers and be able to place the blame on something or someone.